How to choose the photovoltaic controller ( The advantages and disadvantages of solar photovoltaic controller)

In photovoltaic off-grid system, the function of solar photovoltaic controller is the photovoltaic modules of electricity, transformed, stored in batteries, besides, also protect the storage battery, prevent the battery overcharge, and other functions. There are two main types of the current controller technical route: pulse width debugging ( 脉宽调制) Method and the maximum power point tracking ( MPPT) Way, each has its advantages and disadvantages, but according to different scenarios to choose. 1, the PWM controller early photovoltaic controller is PWM, the electrical structure is simple, the controller consists of a main power switch and capacitor and driving and protecting circuit, by PWM duty ratio, the switch tube to control the output voltage. PWM controller, there is only one switch connection between solar arrays and panels, as are gradually filled with battery, battery voltage, the PWM controller will gradually reduce provide to battery power, photovoltaic output will different according to the maximum power output. PWM controller, storage battery charging and discharging management function, can prevent the battery charge and discharge. Because only between type PWM controller solar module and battery are connected to a switch, no inductance equal pressure device, therefore, when the design components of voltage is about battery voltage of 1. 2 - 2. 0 times, such as the 24 v battery, components in the 30 - input voltage Between 50 v, each string can only match a component, 48 v battery components in 60 - input voltage Between 80 v, each string of only two components. 2, the MPPT controller MPPT controller is the second generation of solar controller, compared with PWM controller, it will be one more inductance and power diode, therefore more powerful. One is that it has the most power tracing function, during the battery, solar energy components to maximum power output, unless the battery saturated state; Second, wide voltage range of photovoltaic modules, one of the controller power switch tube and inductance circuit and components of voltage is the battery voltage is 1. 2 - 3. Between 5 times, if it is 24 v battery, components in the 30 - input voltage Between 80 v, every string can be one or two pieces of components, if it is 48 v battery, components in the 60 - input voltage Between 110 v, and each series can match two or three components. How to choose the PWM and the MPPT controller PWM and MPPT controller has its own unique advantages and disadvantages, choose what kind of solution depending on the design features, the cost of solar pv array and the external environment condition, etc. When we choose to focus on the following factors: a way of PWM technology mature, the circuit is simple, reliable, cheap, but the utilization rate of the components is low. Utilization of the component is about more than 80%; MPPT solar controller, refers to the function of maximum power point tracking solar controller, between components and the battery has a BUCK step-down circuit, utilization of components is about more than 90%. Under 2 kw small off-grid system, the main user is poverty without electricity, such as remote mountainous area, some poor countries, Africa is mainly solve the demand of lighting, the user is sensitive to price, it is recommended that the PWM controller, correct wave inverter, controller, inverter, and battery into an organic whole. This way has simple structure, high efficiency, the user connection is convenient, the price is very cheap, led bulb, small TV, small fan is no problem. More than 2 kw off-grid system, it is suggested that the MPPT controller, high utilization rate of the component, the whole machine with high efficiency, component configuration is more flexible. In general, have no which kind of technology is one of the best, so for users, should listen to the opinions of the experts, be sure to select the right controller to meet their own needs.
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